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Understanding Local Government Review in Montana

Every ten years, Montanans have a unique opportunity to evaluate how their local governments operate through a process known as Local Government Review. This provision, enshrined in Montana’s Constitution, is a powerful tool that gives citizens direct influence over the structure and function of their municipal and county governments.

What Is Local Government Review?

Local Government Review is a process that allows voters in every city, town, and county in Montana to decide whether they want to study and potentially reform their local government. This question appears on the ballot every ten years—most recently in 2014, and again in 2024. The process is governed by Article XI, Section 9 of the Montana Constitution.

How Does It Work?

1. Voter Question: Every ten years, voters are asked: “Shall a local government review be conducted?”

2. If Voters Say Yes: If the majority votes in favor, a Local Government Study Commission is elected in the same election. This nonpartisan body is typically made up of three to five citizens.

3. Study Period: The commission studies the existing structure and operation of the local government. They compare it to alternative forms allowed under state law and gather public input through surveys, hearings, and research.

4. Recommendations and Ballot Proposal: After their study, the commission can recommend changes such as adopting a charter, restructuring departments, or altering forms of governance (e.g., changing from a mayor-council system to a commission-manager form). These changes are then placed on a future ballot for voter approval.

Why Is It Important?

Local Government Review allows communities to:

• Assess whether their current system is effective and accountable.

• Consider new structures that may improve transparency or efficiency.

• Tailor government to local needs and priorities.

• Foster civic engagement through public input and education.

Historical Context

The Local Government Review process was a major innovation of Montana’s 1972 Constitutional Convention, which sought to strengthen local self-governance. Since then, communities like Missoula, Helena, and Butte have all undergone reviews, and in some cases, adopted changes such as local government charters, which act like constitutions for cities and counties.

What Can Be Changed?

Montana law provides flexibility for local governments. Possible outcomes of a review include:

• Adopting or amending a local government charter.

• Changing the form of government (e.g., from a commission to a manager-council model).

• Modifying elected vs. appointed positions.

• Restructuring departments or processes to improve services.

Public Participation Is Key

The effectiveness of a Local Government Review depends on citizen participation. Whether by running for the study commission, attending public forums, or voting on final recommendations, residents have a direct say in shaping how their local government works.

Conclusion

Local Government Review is more than a bureaucratic process—it's an invitation for Montanans to reimagine their communities and strengthen democratic governance. As this process unfolds every decade, it serves as a reminder that local government is not a fixed institution but a system that should evolve with the needs and values of its people.